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A prior written informed consent was obtained from the patients. The selected women were those who had been advised Pap smear examination by a gynecologist.Ī pretested interview schedule was used to get the information from patients. One hundred women were selected from the OPD by systematic sampling technique on one particular day of the week over a span of 3 months (November 2007-January 2008).
These women presented with vaginal discharge, pruritis vulvae, various sexually transmitted diseases (including Condylomata acuminata and Herpes) and also with, postcoital bleeding, leukoplakia of cervix and vagina and carcinoma in situ. The purpose of the research was also to gain understanding of the knowledge among Indian women regarding cervical cancer and the methods available for its early detection such as Pap smear, especially among those who are living in urban areas and coming to tertiary health care center for their health care needs.Ī cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital in New Delhi where gynecology OPD attendance is above 250 patients everyday. The study aimed to understand the association between known risk factors for cervical cancer and Pap smear results, health-seeking behavior and hygienic practices among the women and to assess the distress experienced by these women before the examination. Early cancer detection is also a part of Indian national cancer control program which aims at early detection thereby saving several lives. It can detect 90% of cervical cancers and 75% endometrial cancers. Pap smear More Details is an outpatient diagnostic tool for diagnosis of early cancer cervix. However, they have very good prognosis if detected and treated early. According to SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program), invasive cervical cancer incidence is 9 and cancer mortality is 2.8 per 100,000 persons. , Currently there are 70,000 cases of cervical cancer in the country (Cancer patients Aid Association).
Available from: Ĭervical and breast cancers are commonest among female cancers and responsible for 50% of all cancer deaths in India. Perceptions and concerns of women undergoing Pap smear examination in a tertiary care hospital of India.
#National health programs of india j kishore how to#
How to cite this URL: Tiwari A, Kishore J, Tiwari A. How to cite this article: Tiwari A, Kishore J, Tiwari A. Keywords: Cervical cancer, hygienic practices, perception, Pap smear examination Conclusion: The study concluded that factors such as poor awareness, shyness, poor hygiene, and old age could be responsible for abnormal Pap smears and this needs special attention in cancer prevention activities of the government. Poor hygienic practices among these women from urban areas were also associated with abnormal Pap smear results.
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Women who reported being stressed in their lives had higher number of abnormal smears as compared to women who claimed to lead a stress free life. Older age group, Muslim and literate women had higher number of abnormal Pap smear results. Sixty-one percent did not know what a cervical cancer is and a same percentage of women did not know what a Pap smear examination was. Results: Fifty-seven percent stated that they did not consult a doctor when they noticed the symptoms the first time.
A pretested interview schedule was used to get information after obtaining their informed consent. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on women coming for a Pap smear examination in a tertiary teaching hospital in New Delhi. Objectives: To study the awareness about various risk factors for cervical cancer, health-seeking behavior and hygienic practices among women and to assess the distress experienced by these women before the Pap smear examination. However, there is lack of data on awareness level of women about Pap smear and various risk factors for cervical cancer. Pap smear is one of the best methods to detect early changes in cervix. Background: Cervical cancer is one of the major causes of deaths due to cancer among women in India.
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